Adaptación cultural y validación del cuestionario Ocular Surface Disease Index en una población chilena / Validation of the Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire for Chilean patients

Background: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) is the most commonly used questionnaire worldwide to detect dry eye disease. Although it is massively used in clinical practice in Chile, its use has not been validated yet in the country. Aim: To develop a cultural adaptation and to validate the OSDI questionnaire for the Chilean population. Material and Methods: For cultural adaptation, a translation, retro-translation and an expert panel review was carried out. The resulting questionnaire was applied to a pilot group of twelve participants and their comments were considered for the final questionnaire version. The final questionnaire was applied to a non-random sample of 200 patients aged 53 ± 17 years (75% women). Internal consistency and construct validity were evaluated by Cronbach's alpha and exploratory factor analysis respectively. Results: According to the OSDI score, 81% of respondents had dry eye (55% severe). Reliability was 0.91 and factor analysis resulted in three factors explaining 75.4% of the total variance. Conclusions: The OSDI questionnaire version obtained in this study demonstrated excellent internal consistency values and adequate construct validity making it applicable to clinical practice and dry eye research.

Acidosis tubular renal distal y litiasis renal en tres casos de síndrome de Sjögren primario / Distal renal tubular acidosis and renal lithiasis in 3 cases of primary Sjögren's syndrome

Tubulo interstitial nephritis, the main manifestation of renal involvement in Sjögren syndrome, may lead to a tubular dysfunction that is usually subclinical. We report 3 women, aged 32, 35 and 35 years old, with a primary Sjögren's syndrome and symptomatic type I or distal tubular acidosis. Two patients had nephrolithiasis and one a nephrocalcinosis. Two had a basal hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. The ammonium chloride acidification test was abnormal in all, demonstrating a distal tubular defect. None had proximal tubular dysfunction. All had an urinary pH over 6.5 and hypocitraturia and none had hypercalciuria. Renal calculi were composed of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate in 2 patients and calcium phosphate and ammonium phosphate in the other. All women had positive antinuclear antibodies with mottled pattern, 2 had anti Ro antibodies and positive rheumatoid factor and 1 had hypergammaglobulinemia. None had anti La antibodies, crioglobulinemia or monoclonal proteins